藥物潛在的致心律失常作用是藥物開發(fā)過程中一個備受關(guān)注的風(fēng)險因素,當(dāng)患者伴有低血鉀、結(jié)構(gòu)性心臟病、心動過緩等基礎(chǔ)疾病時,發(fā)生室性快速型心律失常的風(fēng)險將大大增加。目前已經(jīng)證明,藥物導(dǎo)致心臟復(fù)極化的過度延長可能是該風(fēng)險出現(xiàn)的主要原因[1]。因此在臨床前安全性評價研究階段,通常要進(jìn)行藥物對心室復(fù)極化過程的影響評估,其主要參考指標(biāo)即QT間期。
一、QT間期及評估策略
圖1 人心肌電生理概圖[3]
二、比格犬用于QT間期延長評估的優(yōu)勢 1 ? 應(yīng)用廣泛性
圖2 穿戴遙測設(shè)備的比格犬
2 ? 離子通道分布的相似性 3 ? 解剖生理學(xué)的相似性 4 ? 體內(nèi)代謝特征的相似性
三、比格犬在安全藥理學(xué)試驗中的應(yīng)用
四、使用比格犬時QT間期的校正
五、比格犬與人的種屬差異
圖3 成人心室肌細(xì)胞動作電位與離子流圖[9]
結(jié)語 藥物潛在的致心律失常風(fēng)險是藥物開發(fā)過程中需要關(guān)注的重點。檢測動物給藥前后QT間期變化是主要的體內(nèi)評價策略。清醒犬是評估人類藥物延長QT間期的主要實驗動物。雖然犬與人類在心肌細(xì)胞離子通道的分布上存在一定差異,但其對于QT間期延長藥物的反應(yīng)趨勢與人類是一致的,結(jié)合其代謝動力學(xué)特征和經(jīng)濟(jì)性,其仍是作為QT間期延長評估的最佳實驗動物種屬選擇。
參考文獻(xiàn):
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